Wednesday 30 November 2011

Answers to Immigration and the Quickest Path to US Citizenship

United States has the most expansive patent subject matter in the world. An inventor gives an invention to the public and gets exclusive rights over it for a limited period of time.

To be eligible for a patent, an invention should satisfy the requirements of Patentable subject matter (Sec. 101),

Usefulness - An invention would be eligible for a patent grant only if it is useful (35 USC Sec. 101). The utility of the invention should be current, substantial and credible. An invention in order to be patentable should be new in the light of that exists at the time of conception of the invention.

Non-obviousness - An invention to be patentable should not be obvious or known at the time of invention. An invention is obvious, if a single prior art reference or a combination of prior art references as a whole, make the invention obvious to a person with ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. The invention should be obvious at the time of conception of the invention and not at the time of contention of obviousness.

Specification - An inventor must file a patent application containing a specification (35 USC Sec. 112). The claims define the metes and bounds of the invention claimed by the inventor.

The basic requirement for patentability is that the invention should fall within the scope of patentable subject matter as defined under Section 101. (35 USC Sec. 101). As per section 101, any new and useful invention or discovery, which is a process, machine, manufacture or composition of matter is patentable. An invention generally falls under more than one category.

Selling the invention for testing deprived it of the novelty.

An invention can not be patented, if the inventor had abandoned the invention to the public. An invention is not patentable if another person before the applicant has invented it.

Wednesday 23 November 2011

What To Do If You Have An Invention Idea

What To Do If You Have An Invention Idea

A lot of people have ideas that they think would make a great invention. Most people do not do anything with the invention idea that they have. Other people struggle with it to some extent, but do not see anything come to fruition. Here are some basic steps you can take to get your invention idea into the market, and then in the hands of end users.

The first thing you have to do is make sure that your idea is already patented someone drugi.Cijeli patent database is now online and searchable by keyword for anybody with an Internet connection. You should be familiar with the system, and then do the intensive search to see if your idea has already been claimed by someone else. Once you determine that you own ideas, free and clear, hire a patent agent to do more in-depth research, and then filed a patent for you.

When you own a patent on the invention of the idea, you're going to have to make a prototype and do a little market research. To get your invention into the hands of companies that can effectively IT market, you're going to have to give them some numbers that show how well your invention will do in the market. While you can certainly make up their own, many people hire an invention company to take care of it for them.

If you decide to hire an invention company, make sure they are legitimate. Many people have lost a lot of money hiring an invention company that simply fly-by-night operation. Some simple research in the Better Business Bureau and the FTC Web site, along with looking for the end-user feedback will establish the reputation of the company for you. Taking your invention idea from the start in the market can be a long, drawn out task. Make sure that some of the initial work yourself and hire people when you need it to make sure that your invention has hit the market.

Sunday 20 November 2011

Five Top US Manufacturers of Safes

Five Top US Manufacturers of Safes

There are many safe manufacturers in the world today, many of them to make high quality safes, others do not. Lets look at the top five U.S. manufacturers of safe and why they have earned a good reputation. I have them in alphabetical order to avoid any implication ranked among these companies.

or AMSEC American Security has been around since 1948, and are based in California. They boast the world's leading producer of burglar resistant safes. Indeed, safety is first and foremost in its design. They were the first manufacturer of round door vaults, which are harder to break in and were the industry standard for decades. They are also much more expensive, so he went on in AMSEC in the 1960s to develop a more cost effective square gate that offers maximum protection.

Modern day technology has led invasion AMSEC safes develop in the 1990s that uses a composite construction, combining a hard slab of steel and high strength concrete, which has offered great protection against attacks. With its focus on safety, AMSEC was the first American company to get the most burglaries Underwriters Laboratories rating TL15 and TL30, and they continue today to be one of the most innovative companies in the market.

Browning is an American company based out of Utah and its primary focus is to gun safes. Their goal is to heavy duty, protective safe to keep your guns and other valuables safe from theft or fire, but also looks good with a beautiful finish and fine craftsmanship. They also offer innovative interiors that make the most out of the space provided.

Cannon is manufacturing safes for more than 40 years. They believe that they should have the ultimate security at the best possible cijeni.Sigurno is a permanent investment, so Cannon offers a lifetime warranty that protects against fire, flood, attempted break-in and manufacturing defects for life. Their motto is: "Nothing Protects like a cannon ".

Liberty argues that the U.S. # 1 trusted manufacturers. They also offer a lifetime, transferable warranty for all their heads and all their safes are tested and evaluated by an independent UL lab. Liberty is a younger company than most, having been established in Utah in 1988, but quickly grew and in 1994 they were # 1 selling full-sized safe housing company in America.

In addition to the rapidly growing company, which has helped to acquire National Security Safe Company in 1997, they were also innovative in the market. In 1990 they introduced a special HiSecurity Composite Doors, which sandwiched layers family forum insulation and steel and hardened steel plate, which has increased security and fire protection. They also received a patent for a unique locking screw mechanism, and introduced an adjustable interior shelving and storage systems.

Sentry Safe was started during the Great Depression in the 1930s, as the Brush-Punnett Company. They had a simple formula, "Product quality and reasonable prices for its innovative engineering," which leads the company and allowed it successfully. They are still a family company, headed by third generation members of the Brush family, but changed its name to Sentry Group in 1987. Although based out of New York, they have a global presence, more fire-resistant safes and chests than any other company in the world.

If you're in the market for home, business or a gun safe, you can find top quality safes from any of these companies. Just do a little research to find what best suits your needs.

Thursday 17 November 2011

Sewing - Tools and History

Sewing - Tools and History

The practice of sewing, as in working with thread and needle to attach many different kinds of material, has been dated to at least 20,000 years ago. Sewing is practically a universal occurrence, and the actual beginnings of it stretch back to the beginnings of history. It predates the weaving of cloth by various centuries, and was applied to stitch together hides, furs, and bark for clothing and other makes use of.

Early sewing needles had been created from bone, wood, or natural needles taken from plants as Native Americans did with the agave plant. The earliest verified sewing needles produced from iron date back to the third century B.C.E. and were identified in what is now Germany. Chinese archaeologists report locating a complete set of iron sewing needles and thimbles in a tomb dating from the Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220) in China. This is the earliest known example of a thimble in history. The thimble was created to assist early sewers to push needles by way of thick hides and furs, and was first produced from bone, wood, leather, often glass and porcelain. Later thimbles began to be created from metal, and just before the 18th century dimples in a thimble had to be punched into it by hand. The thimble also became an object of beauty with thimbles made from precious and semi-precious stones, and precious metals.

The initial thread was produced from plant fibers and animal sinew, which was applied to sew together hides and furs for clothing, blankets and shelter. Later it was discovered that fibers from plants and animals could be spun together to make thread. The ancient Egyptians created thread by spinning these fibers together, and devised strategies of dying the thread applying berries and plant matter. In China and Japan, silk fibers taken from the cocoon of the silk worm was spun to make really fine thread.

For most of the history of sewing, it was performed by hand. From the simplest stitches to ornate decorative work was performed with a needle, thread and a steady hand. It remained so till the initially patent for a machine that "emulated hand sewing" in 1790 in England. It is not known whether there ever was a machine built from the 1790 patent.

The initial functioning sewing machine was issued a patent to Barthelemy Thimonnier in France in 1830. It utilised a single thread and a hooked needle to make a chain stitch comparable to the 1 applied in hand embroidery. The inventor was almost killed when enraged French tailors rioted and burned down his garment factory simply because they feared the machine would trigger unemployment. In 1846 the American Elias Howe was issued a patent for his machine, but the mass production of the machines did not happen till the 1850's when Isaac Singer built the 1st truly profitable sewing machine. With needle, thread, thimble and machine, the art and craft of it has not only formed items for our use and comfort. Sewing has helped form civilization itself.

Tuesday 15 November 2011

Sewing - Tools and History

Sewing - Tools and History

The practice of sewing, as in making use of thread and needle to attach several kinds of material, has been dated to at least 20,000 years ago. Sewing is practically a universal occurrence, and the actual beginnings of it stretch back to the beginnings of history. It predates the weaving of cloth by several centuries, and was made use of to stitch together hides, furs, and bark for clothing and other uses.

Early sewing needles were made from bone, wood, or natural needles taken from plants as Native Americans did with the agave plant. The earliest verified sewing needles produced from iron date back to the third century B.C.E. and had been discovered in what is now Germany. Chinese archaeologists report discovering a total set of iron sewing needles and thimbles in a tomb dating from the Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220) in China. This is the earliest recognized example of a thimble in history. The thimble was created to help early sewers to push needles via thick hides and furs, and was first produced from bone, wood, leather, often glass and porcelain. Later thimbles began to be made from metal, and ahead of the 18th century dimples in a thimble had to be punched into it by hand. The thimble also became an object of beauty with thimbles made from precious and semi-precious stones, and precious metals.

The very first thread was created from plant fibers and animal sinew, which was utilized to sew together hides and furs for clothing, blankets and shelter. Later it was discovered that fibers from plants and animals could be spun together to make thread. The ancient Egyptians produced thread by spinning these fibers together, and devised approaches of dying the thread utilizing berries and plant matter. In China and Japan, silk fibers taken from the cocoon of the silk worm was spun to make rather fine thread.

For most of the history of sewing, it was performed by hand. From the simplest stitches to ornate decorative function was done with a needle, thread and a steady hand. It remained so till the initially patent for a machine that "emulated hand sewing" in 1790 in England. It is not known no matter if there ever was a machine built from the 1790 patent.

The 1st functioning sewing machine was issued a patent to Barthelemy Thimonnier in France in 1830. It utilized a single thread and a hooked needle to make a chain stitch similar to the one employed in hand embroidery. The inventor was practically killed when enraged French tailors rioted and burned down his garment factory because they feared the machine would cause unemployment. In 1846 the American Elias Howe was issued a patent for his machine, but the mass production of the machines did not happen until the 1850's when Isaac Singer built the 1st really productive sewing machine. With needle, thread, thimble and machine, the art and craft of it has not only formed items for our use and comfort. Sewing has helped form civilization itself.

Monday 14 November 2011

Flying Cars in the Ether



Ether Machines are yet another type of non-traditional flyer. The 18th Century term ether can also be thought of as our term: Zero Point Power.

In simplicity, when you cool points down to near absolute zero temperatures, they develop into superconducting. In other words, once you put power into the devices, it stays there forever so lengthy as you keep the temperature in the especially cold superconducting range.

Properly, space is Continually in the superconducting range. In truth, you can hear the Massive Bang itself at three Degrees Kelvin. That is three degrees above Absolute Zero.

The vastness of the Universe contains a VAST superconducting power storage. This energy can be excited into creating matter and the types of power we can measure.

Karl Schappeller created a device to use the ether power. And we'll be finding to that.

According to Schappeller, Main Physics offers with this ether, zero point, energy. And all the physics that we know, such as aerodynamics, deals with Secondary Physics. He designed a sphere that makes use of ether in what he termed Reverse Thermodynamics. Rather of producing heat, it functions by generating cold.

We know how to measure heat. Thermometer, for instance. But how do you measure cold?

The wartime Germans figured out that gravity could be produced by a quadrupolar machine. It was a + and - thermodynamic machine, coupled with a + and - reverse thermodynamic machine. This quadrupolar setup developed gravity. Point it, and it's "anti" gravity... They called it a Vril.

What happened after the war was that as the Allies and the Russians overran the analysis and development areas, the Nazis, mainly SS overlords with war mentalities, destroyed the working models and papers.

What about the information and facts that does survive? What can WE do about it?

Nicely there are three (3) United States Patents that define a low-expense Flying Auto that YOU can own.

1 patent is issued and is a 'green' engine that we Should be using correct now. Today's vehicle engines, if they employed $3 per gallon gas, go down the road on $1 of that and throw away in heat $two. The patented engine will use $2 to go down the road and only throw away $1.00. Now this is the Real way to save power. It can energy an SUV on only 4 cylinders! It has compact, effective energy.

The other two patents describe a Flying Car that makes use of the hybrid engine considering that it is light and effective. The Flying Auto is low price and our best chance of getting a genuine George Jetson machine in our garages.

Thursday 10 November 2011

Why Can Patents Be Granted for Multiple Similar Inventions?



When a client reviews prior art, documents such as patents, patent applications, journal articles, items and other documents that disclose an invention, she is quite often struck by how many of the patents are for extremely comparable inventions. How can every single of these patents have been granted when they share so a lot of standard elements? There appears to be so considerably overlap.

Overlap is in reality an fundamental portion of the patent method. To recognize how the overlap functions in practice, 1 need to realize the most basic principle of patent law - a patent gives the holder the ideal to cease other people from practicing her invention, but it does not give the holder the ideal to practice her own invention.

For example, suppose you invented a unicycle with the longitudinal stabilizer. The stabilizer made it considerably much easier to ride a unicycle, and you effectively patented invention. I buy 1 of your unicycles, and mainly because I'm less coordinated than you, find that I also need a latitudinal stabilizer. With both the longitudinal and latitudinal stabilizers, even I can ride a unicycle, and I patent that invention.

Even though I hold a patent on a unicycle with the longitudinal and latitudinal stabilizer, I can not develop my invention without infringing your patent because my invention includes a unicycle with a longitudinal stabilizer. But, I could avoid you from making a unicycle with each longitudinal and latitudinal stabilizers. If the industry of klutzes who want to ride a unicycle is significant sufficient, you could get a license from me, or I could get a license from you, or we could cross license, so that unicycles with both stabilizers could be built.

This feature of patent law makes it possible for inventors to shield incremental improvements to existing items. It benefits society by encouraging innovation even when the innovator may perhaps be precluded from practicing his innovation without a license from the patent holder of the core invention.

It also indicates that numerous patents are granted for inventions that are highly comparable. Each and every of those similar patents are incremental improvements to or variations of the core invention. The inventors of the improvements and variations that are adopted should really be and are rewarded for their creativity. If one does not want to pay them, he is free to generate a product with no their innovations.

By allowing applications for similar inventions to be granted, innovation is encouraged, but at the cost of a great deal more intellectual property to consider and evaluation when creating a item. The plethora of similar patents in the United States is top viewed as strong evidence that innovation is alive and well.

How Much Does It Cost to Get a Patent in India?



Understanding the price structure whilst applying for a patent can aid in producing some imperative choices. Therefore, instead of having a generic idea about the overall price, it assists if you are aware of the breakdown of the price structure and the time of incurring such expenses.

The substantial costs involved in processing a patent application contains, the fee that has to be paid to the patent office (statutory fee) and the fee paid to the patent service provider (qualified fee). The expert fee varies based on the service provider you might possibly pick. Therefore, in this article I will deal only with the statutory fee.

The statutory fee depends on who the applicant of the patent is. The Indian Patent Workplace (IPO) has categorized the applicants into two categories:

1. Natural individual

two. Other than natural person

Any individual applying for a patent is regarded as a natural person. On the other hand, all other entities that do not fall under the initially category naturally fall under the second category. For example, legal entities, such as, companies would fall under the second category. It shall be noted that, a patent application can have more than one applicant, and even if one of the applicants do not fall under the initially category, then the patent application is regarded to be filed by the second category applicants.

The patent office collects 4 times the fee from the second category applicants as compared to 1st category applicants.

In this article, I will list down the fee applicable to the 1st category applicants. You might multiply this fee with 4 to establish the fee applicable to the second category applicants.

Serial number 1

An application for grant of patent has to be submitted. A fee of Indian rupee (INR) 1000 has to be paid even though submitting the patent application in the Indian Patent Workplace (IPO). This is a mandatory fee. The exchange rate for 1 US dollars was Indian rupee 45 at the time of writing this write-up.

Serial quantity 2

An early publication request has to be submitted if 1 wishes to have their patent application published earlier than the patent workplace norm of publishing patent applications 18 months from the priority date (date on which you initially file a patent application for your invention). This request carries a fee of Indian rupee 2500. The positive aspects of early publication consist of expedition of the patent application examination process.

This is an optional step.

Serial number three

A request for examination of patent application has to be submitted. A fee of INR 2500 has to be paid, requesting the IPO to examine your patent application. This fee can be paid within 48 months from the priority date. Then again, note that the patent office considers your application for examination only right after receiving this fee. Hence, if you want to expedite the patent process, it is advisable to pay this fee at the earliest. This is a mandatory fee.

Serial quantity 4

The IPO accepts patent specifications, which has up to 30 sheets with no charging any additional fee. Nevertheless, if the specification crosses 30 sheets, a fee of INR 100/sheet for each and every added sheet has to be paid to the IPO. This is a mandatory fee.

Serial number 5

Further, the IPO accepts patent specifications, which has up to ten claims (no limitation on independent claims) without charging any additional fee. Still, if the specification has a lot more than 10 claims, then a fee of INR 200/Claim for each and every extra claim has to be paid to the IPO. This is a mandatory fee.

I hope you obtain this write-up beneficial in filing patent applications in the Indian Patent Workplace.

Wednesday 9 November 2011

Patent Docketing Software - If It's Broken, Fix It!



Countless users of last generation patent docketing software program really feel that there is no reason to upgrade. Almost everything is working fine. Why rock the boat? If the patent department has established metrics to evaluate the efficiency of the patent docketing technique, and the technique is consistently meeting or exceeding the benchmark, then pat your self on the back, considering that you rank higher among your peers. If that is not the case, then this is a fantastic time for a adjust.

This post will assist patent departments build meaningful metrics to measure the efficiency of their patent docketing program and revisit them whenever needed. Each and every patent department is distinctive and the metrics that function for 1 department may perhaps not work for one other. The objective is to assist IP departments create and measure their own metrics to determine no matter whether their patent docketing software program is meeting the objectives. Developing and measuring these metrics can present a basis for setting goals and establishes whether or not there is improvement or progress toward those goals more than time.

The key metrics can be categorized into 1 of these five locations:

1. Client Satisfaction

2. Information Management

three. Outside Counsel Management

4. Team Effectiveness

5. Visibility

Client Satisfaction

For the IP department, the clients are inventors, patent committee, important topic matter professionals and other stakeholders in technology and R&D groups. The metrics for client satisfaction include, but not limited to:

1. How effortless is it for your inventors to submit new invention disclosures?

2. How easy is it for your inventors to track what is happening on their submitted disclosures or patent applications and patents?

three. Do they have visibility into their awards?

four. How simple is it for your patent committee members to give their recommendations on invention disclosures?

five. How simple and easy it is for the topic matter specialists to interact with inventors for significantly more productive assessment and analysis?

6. How painless is it for senior management in technology and R&D to view the overall patent portfolio and pipeline?

Information Management

With out simple and easy access to managed information, each circumstance is addressed based on what the individual or group brings to the situation with them. With seamless access to managed expertise, every circumstance is addressed with the sum total of every little thing any person in the patent department has ever learned about a situation of a similar nature.

The metrics for expertise management incorporate, but not restricted to:

1. Do you have established metrics and rationale for evaluating invention disclosures for patent filings? If you do, can it be applied across all choices produced in the last 3-4 years?

two. How hassle-free is it for everyone to look at the foreign filing record and trace why the decision for this filing was taken?

three. How uncomplicated is it for someone to assessment annuity choices and know who produced the choice to preserve a certain patent and why?

four. How significantly time would it take for you to get a uncomplicated report, for example your whole patent portfolio grouped by jurisdiction and PTO status?

five. How considerably time would it take for you to project your overall spend for the next 3 months?

Outside Counsel Management

A quantity of patent departments use outside counsels for drafting, filing and prosecuting patent applications. The services provided by firm can account for 70% of the overall patent department spending budget. It is crucial to know if your existing patent docketing technique can supply you metrics to measure their performance.

1. How very easy is it for you to locate out what each and every firm is handling and the most up-to-date status on filings for each and every firm?

2. How considerably time would it take for you to get a report of overall invest per firm?

3. How rapid can you get the report of the turnaround time per firm?

four. Each and every time the OC requirements to collaborate with inventors (for example in patent application drafting), do they have to go through your team? How much time do you devote coordinating these activities?

five. How a lot do you know about extensions filed by law firms on office action responses?

Team Effectiveness

Patent docketing software is expected to help your team get more useful. Here are some metrics to help you determine if it is meeting the expectations-

1. How a lot time is your team spending on emails for sending facts to inventors, patent committee members, outside counsels?

2. How considerably time are they spending on duplicate entry of the very same information in many systems?

three. How a lot paper are they printing?

four. How straightforward is it for them to delegate perform to their colleagues?

five. How much time are they spending on calculating patent award payments?

Visibility

If you have been utilizing the patent docketing computer software to track invention disclosures, patents, trademarks, licenses and invoices, you will need to be in a position to get answers to the following concerns-

1. How much time would it take for you to view all invention disclosures, patents, trademarks and licenses by goods, by technology places and by small business units?

2. How rapid can your team get to all of their assigned tasks?

three. What visibility do you have into the workload of your team members and their typical response time?

4. How soon can you view the established budgetary goals for the fiscal year and the devote and accruals so far?

five. How effortless it for you to go to any record and get out the actual time status?

Lecorpio is created to present answers to all of these concerns. It automates all manual workflows, get rid of redundancies, and offer accurate reporting to help corporate IP departments improved service their customers and greater manage their service providers. If it is not broken, that's a great thing - but not a good cause for staying on an old technology.

Wednesday 2 November 2011

3 Types of Invention Patents



A patent is a patent is a patent. False! There are several several subcategories of patents. This article demonstrates the 3 most important kinds of invention patents:

1. Utility Patents (cover new and valuable inventions such as mechanical devices, electronics, medical devices, biotechnology, gadgets, and processes for creating things).

two. Design Patents (cover new and ornamental styles of products (articles of manufacture) such as containers, furniture, toys, or housewares).

3. Plant Patents (cover new and distinct plant varieties such as flowering plants, vegetables and fruit trees).

In the United States, if the inventor makes an offer you to sell, makes a sale, or publicly discloses the invention, the inventor has one year from the earliest of those events to file a US patent application. Otherwise, an inventor will shed their US patent rights.

If an inventor makes an give to sell, makes a sale, or publicly discloses the invention ahead of filing a patent application he/she will likely lose their rights to file in foreign countries. WARNING: Do not assume you know exactly what category your patent falls below. Often there can be a rather fine line in between specific sorts of patents.

TIP: Attempt not to spend much time figuring out specifically what type of patent you should really file for. This is one of the responsibilities of your patent attorney. Don't be the patient who self-subscribes his/her illness on the online, and then walks into the doctors office preaching to the physician what they have! Exact same holds accurate for patents and intellectual property.

Tuesday 1 November 2011

What to Do With Art That Is Material to the Patentability of Your Pending US Patent Application



Below U.S. Patent law, inventors and other people substantively involved with the preparation and/or prosecution of the application, such as assignees and patent attorneys, have a duty to disclose to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), information and facts which is material to patentability of the claimed invention. Failure to disclose known material references might result in the invalidity of the granted patent. The duty of disclosure can be fulfilled by preparing and submitting an Facts Disclosure Statement (IDS) to the USPTO.

An IDS can be submitted to the USPTO at any time during the prosecution of the application. Nevertheless, if an IDS is submitted immediately after receipt of the 1st office action, a fee will be assessed. Additionally, if an IDS needs to be submitted following a Notice of Allowance is received, the applicant will want to withdraw the application from allowance to have the IDS and cited references considered by the USPTO. This can be accomplished by filing a Request for Continued Examination (RCE).

Upon filing the application, if an applicant is conscious of any prior art, he is nicely advised to notify his lawyer (if applicable) of the prior art so an IDS can be included with the initial filing of the application. If an applicant or assignee is unsure of whether a reference ought to be cited in an IDS, a patent attorney must be consulted to identify the proper course of action.

Submission of an IDS upon filing an application might allow the applicant to prevent charges for late submission of an IDS, and also permits the USPTO to conduct an examination of the application in view of the already known prior art. Timely disclosure of prior art via submission of an IDS may perhaps also stay away from the withdrawal of the application from allowance.

Additional IDS submissions could be required for the duration of the prosecution of the application to make the USPTO aware of prior art that is cited in corresponding foreign applications.

Copies of U.S. Patents and U.S. Published Patent Applications do not want to be supplied to the USPTO. However, copies of non-patent documents and foreign references should be submitted. Translations of foreign language references ought to also be obtained and submitted to the USPTO, but note that a full translation of the reference is not necessary to fulfill the disclosure obligations.

Fulfilling the duty of disclosure to the USPTO can be a straightforward method if open lines of communication in between assignee, inventors, and their patent attorneys are maintained. Communication of identified art to the patent lawyer enables the lawyer to draft a stronger patent and also allows the timely disclosure of the known prior art to the USPTO. As noted above, timely disclosure may well stay clear of fees and, most importantly, the withdrawal of the application from allowance. If you have any concerns concerning this U.S. Patent Law requirement, please contact any of the patent attorneys at the Michaud-Kinney Group.